Maximilian I Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Maximilian I Maximilian I 1459-1519, heiliger r?mischer Kaiser und deutscher K?nig (1493-1519), Sohn und Nachfolger des heiligen r?mischen Kaisers Frederick III. Als Kaiser strebte er, starke imperiale F?hrung wiederhzuerstellen und dringend ben?tigte administrative Verbesserungen im in zunehmendem Ma?e dezentralisierten Reich zu er?ffnen. in der inl?ndischen und fremden Politik jedoch opferte er die Interessen von Deutschland als Ganzes des aggrandizement des Besitzes Hapsburg. Expansion ?ber Krieg und Verbindung Verbindung Maximilian (1477) zu Mary von Burgunder bezog ihn zum Schutze von ihrer Erbschaft -- einschlie?lich Burgunders, der Provinzen Netherland und Luxemburgs -- gegen die Designs des K?nigs Louis XI von Frankreich mit ein. Durch Tod Marys (1482), hatte Maximilian Franche-Comt?, die Grafschaft von Artois und die niedrigen L?nder gesichert, aber ihn erbrachte ein betr?chtliches Teil von franz?sischsprechendem Burgunder im Vertrag von Arras von 1483 (sehen Sie Arras, Vertrag von). In 1486 wurde er K?nig des Romans (, Kaiser-w?hlen Sie d.h.), gew?hlt und einen zunehmenden Anteil der imperialen Aufgaben bis Tod seines Vaters annahm. Nachfolger Louis XI's, Charles VIII, abgelehnt dem Vertrag; au?erdem anstatt, Tochter Margaret Maximilian von ?sterreich zu heiraten, erzwang er Anne von Bretagne in das Heiraten er (1491), abgesehen von ihrer Verbindung durch Proxy zu widowed Maximilian das vorhergehende Jahr. Erneuerte Kriegsf?hrung mit Frankreich wurde vor?bergehend durch den Vertrag von Senlis (1493) vereinbart, der im Allgemeinen den Status Quo beibehielt; aber die Frage Burgundian blieb eine Schl?sselausgabe in den Relationen Hapsburg mit der franz?sischen Krone. Maximilian wurde verwickelt in den italienischen Kriegen , um den Rest der Erbschaft Burgundian wiederzugewinnen und auch Dominions Hapsburg zu erweitern und jede m?gliche Extension der franz?sischen Energie zu ?berpr?fen. Seine italienischen Kampagnen leisteten ihn sich auch eine Gelegenheit, Ludovico Sforza zu unterst?tzen, dessen Nichte er geheiratet hatte (1493) und das, gegen einen Dowry, er mit dem Herzogtum von Mailand investiert hatte (von Louis XII von Frankreich auch behauptet). Seine Miteinbeziehung in Italien f?hrte ihn, die Liga von Cambrai (sehen Sie Cambrai , Liga von),zu verbinden und sp?ter die heilige Liga. kosteten B?ndnisse ihm Geld, von dem er chronisch kurz war, und erzwungen ihm, um von der Familie Fugger schwer zu borgen. Au?erdem regte seine St?rung in Italien die Franzosen an, Druck auf den Schweizern anzuwenden, eine Kompetenzstreitigkeit mit imperialen Beh?rden in einen ge?ffneten Krieg (1499) zu drehen, der eine imperiale Niederlage ergab. Trotz dieser Schwierigkeiten bildete Maximilian das Hapsburgs in eine leistungsf?hige Dynastie durch seine schlaue Verbindung Diplomatie. Von die Verbindung seines Sohns Philip ( sehen Sie Philip I der Oliven?lseife), zu Joanna, zum Heiress Ferdinand und Isabella, gab schlie?lich seinen Enkel, den zuk?nftigen heiligen r?mischen Kaiser Charles V, eins der grten territorialen Erbschaft in der Geschichte. Die doppelte Verbindung Enkel Maximilian und granddaughter die Tochter und Sohn des K?nigs Uladislaus II von Ungarn (1516) versicherte schlie?lich Reihenfolge Hapsburg zu zu von der ungarischen und b?hmischen Thrones und zu zu von des ascendancy in zentralem Europa. Imperiale Leitung Der Umfang und die Verschiedenartigkeit der Gegenden Hapsburg waren eine Verbindlichkeit sowie einen Wert und bildeten den imperialen Namen die wesentliche Bindung von der Einheit. Zwischen am Anfang seines Reign versuchte Maximilian, die l?stige imperiale Leitung zu modernisieren, aber sein Verbesserungprogramm fiel Opfer nicht nur zu seinen dynastic Aspirationen aber auch auf die Konkurrenz die Prinzen und den Kaiser f?r entscheidende Energie. Maximilian wurde in 1500 erzwungen, an einem Rat von regency vor?bergehend zu haften (sehen Sie Reichsregiment), obgleich er schlie?lich von dieser Beschr?nkung Abstand nahm. Dennoch stellte die Di?t der Endlosschrauben (1495) einen Obersten Gerichtshof, um Debatten unter Prinzen zuzuerkennen her und r?misches Gesetz in dem Reich anzuwenden; erhob eine allgemeine Verm?genssteuer, um milit?rische Kosten zu bezahlen; und herausgegeben einem Verbot auf privater Kriegsf?hrung. Die begrenzten Verfassungsreformen pr?ften unzul?nglich, jedoch, mit z uk?nftigen Problemen, wenige fertig zu werden von allen mit der politischen, Sozial- und frommen Umw?lzung der Verbesserung. Foreign Languages

Overview of Volatility Clustering

Overview of Volatility Clustering Volatility clustering is the tendency of  large changes in prices of financial assets to cluster together, which results in the persistence of these magnitudes of price changes. Another way to describe the phenomenon of volatility clustering is to quote famous scientist-mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot, and define it as the observation that large changes tend to be followed by large changes...and small changes tend to be followed by small changes when it comes to markets. This phenomenon is observed when there are extended periods of high market volatility or the relative rate at which the price of a financial asset change,  followed by a period of calm or low volatility. The Behavior of Market Volatility Time series of financial asset returns often demonstrates volatility clustering.  In a time series of stock prices, for instance, it is observed that the variance of returns or log-prices is high for extended periods and then low for extended periods. As such, the variance of daily returns can be high one month (high volatility) and show low variance (low volatility) the next. This occurs to such a degree that it makes an iid model (independent and identically  distributed model) of log-prices or asset returns unconvincing. It is this very property of time series of prices that is called volatility clustering. What this means in practice and in the world of investing is that as markets respond to new information with large price movements (volatility), these high-volatility environments tend to endure for a while after that first shock. In other words, when a market suffers a volatile shock,  more volatility should be expected. This phenomenon has been referred to as the persistence of volatility shocks, which gives rise to the concept of volatility clustering.   Modeling Volatility Clustering The phenomenon of volatility clustering has been of great interest to researchers of many backgrounds and has influenced the development of stochastic models in finance. But volatility clustering is  usually approached by modeling the price process with an ARCH-type model.  Today, there are  several methods for quantifying and modeling this phenomenon, but the two most widely-used models are the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and the  generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. While ARCH-type models and stochastic volatility models are used by researchers to offer some statistical systems that imitate volatility clustering, they still do not give any economic explanation for it.

How to Control Tent Caterpillars

How to Control Tent Caterpillars Eastern tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americanum, build unsightly silk tents in cherry, apple, and other landscape trees during early spring. The caterpillars feed on leaves of these host trees and may cause significant defoliation if present in large numbers. They can also be a nuisance as they tend to wander when theyre ready to pupate, making themselves at home on houses and decks. Make Sure Youve Really Got Tent Caterpillars First, be sure what you have are eastern tent caterpillars  and not another similar pest. Eastern tent caterpillars appear in early spring and build their tents in the crotches of tree branches. As their name suggests, fall webworms also build tents but theirs are located at the ends of branches, forming an envelope around the foliage. Some people confuse eastern tent caterpillars with gypsy moth larvae but gypsy moths do not construct tents and they usually appear a little later in spring than tent caterpillars. Prevention and Manual Controls for Tent Caterpillars If you have a few caterpillar tents in an apple or cherry tree, dont panic. Eastern tent caterpillars rarely infest ornamental trees in large enough numbers to kill landscape plants. Because they appear in early spring and complete their life cycle by summer, most of your host trees will have time to produce more leaves after initial defoliation. Pest control may not be necessary at all, however, if the infestation is overwhelming- or you just cant stand the sight of caterpillar tents in your trees- there are some things you can do to deter the invasion. To prevent tent caterpillars, the best defense can be a good offense. In the autumn, after the leaves have fallen, scout the branches of host trees for egg masses. Prune out any you find, or scrape them from the branches and destroy them. If you do find yourself facing an invasion, knowing your enemy can be the best way to rid yourself of them. Tent caterpillars rest inside their tents after they feed so you can actually remove them manually. When you notice a large group of caterpillars in the tent, use a stick or gloved hands to pull the tent from the branches, caterpillars and all. For a large tent, try winding the silk around a stick as you pull it from the tree. To eliminate the caterpillars, simply crush them or drop them in a pan of soapy water. In the past, people often set fire to caterpillar tents. However, since the practice does more harm to the tree than the caterpillars do, it is not recommended. Biological and Chemical Controls for Tent Caterpillars Young larvae may be treated with Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki, or  Bt, which is applied to the foliage of infested trees. Bt is a naturally occurring form of bacteria that interferes with the caterpillars ability to digest food. After the caterpillars ingest Bt, they stop eating immediately and die within a few days. You do not need to spray the tents or the caterpillars. Late-stage caterpillars, especially those that are already migrating to pupate, cannot be treated effectively with Bt. Some contact or ingestion pesticides work on eastern tent caterpillars as well. If you feel the infestation is sufficient to require this drastic an intervention, contact a pest control specialist in your area to ensure the safety of pets and wildlife.

Personality Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Personality Disorders - Essay Example It is this special trait of living beings which sets them apart as a class having emotions, personality, behavior, etiquettes etc. Whenever something conflicting strikes the emotional behavior of the individual, the overall personality gets affected. Once the personality disorder starts appearing in the individual and no cognizance is taken of the change in behavior, it gradually takes the shape of long term patterns, if there's no Personality disorders take the shape of long-term patterns, thus causing serious problems in relations at home and at work. Under normal circumstances, we as human beings often come across many stressful situations which results in tension like situations. As normal human beings we start taking such situations in our stride and try to come out with appropriate solutions, but a person with personality disorder finds the situation difficult to deal with. This often reflects in their relationship with people around them. Personality disorders as such do not come up suddenly like some other diseases, or due to malfunctioning of some body organs, but it is a gradual process. A major incident or accident can at times be a major reason for personality disorders, but in general such disorders start affecting the human behavior over a period of time. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) defines personality disorder as, "An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment" (Bienenfeld, 2008). This manual of APA considers personality disorders to be categorically distinct entities. Emotions can act as positive or negative stimulant for the personality of an individual. Dyck et al (2006) state that, 'human personality is a complex system, affected by positive emotional attractors (PEA) and negative emotional attractors (NEA)'. It is further stated that personality style is not determined by a single behavioral event; instead a pattern of behavior over a period of time indicates the personality of the human being. The personality traits form the basis of the five factor model ( FFM) propounded by the APA. McCrae and Costa (1990) defined personality traits as, "dimensions of individual differences in tendencies to show consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions". The basis five dimensions of FFM are defined as N, E, O, A and C (Costa and Widiger, 2002); i. Neuroticism (N): It refers to the chronic level of emotional adjustment and instability. If an individual is having high N, that signifies higher psychological distress. N includes the facet scales for anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsivity, and vulnerability. ii. Extraversion (E): It refers to the quantity and intensity of preferred interpersonal interactions, activity level, need for stimulation, and capacity for joy. A person with this trait is found to be sociable, active, talkative, person oriented, optimistic, fun loving, and affectionate. But on the other hand if a deficiency of this dimension

Modern History of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern History of Japan - Essay Example Japan is known worldwide as the nation with the most serious environmental pollution. Japan’s environmental destruction started long before the emergence of the country’s modernization and industrialization period. The well-known example of early pollution problem was Ashio copper mine, which began its destructive operations at the end of the nineteenth century and continues to this day to be a pervasively insoluble problem. The Ashio mine, in Tochigi, has been in existence at least since 1600 when it belonged to the Tokugawa shogunate with annual production capacity of about 1,500 tons. It became privately owned in 1871 following the industrialization initiated by the Meiji restoration. In 1877 it became the property of Furukawa Ichibei, and by the 1880s production had increased dramatically, reaching 4,090 tons by 1885, 78 % of the total output of the Furukawa mines and 39 % of Japan’s copper production. The major pollution problem associated with Ashio Copper Mine was the destruction of water ecosystem due to copper poisoning of ground water caused by flooding and drainage. In 1884, massive tree blighting occurred because of a discovery of large copper ore load. In August 1885, massive fish kills in the Watarase River was observed because of the use of the steam-operated pump and rock-crushing machines in Ani mine. In August 1890, 1,600 hectares of farmland and 28 towns and villages in Tochigi and Gunma prefectures were heavily damaged by the floodwater, which contained poisons from the Ashio mine. In September 1896, a massive flood due to heavy rain damaged the one large city, five prefectures, twelve provinces, and 136 towns and villages over a total area of 46,723 hectares by the water-borne mine poisons.

Truth Essay -- English Literature Essays

Truth The question of right and wrong has been battled over for centuries. Many conservatives still believe that truth is absolute, while others disagree, saying that truth is relative. I believe that truth is an individual’s perception of beliefs and decisions. For that reason, truth differentiates among individuals thorough their contrasting opinions. But, truth is something that everyone believes to be correct. Thus, it greatly depends on what’s true in the minds of the people. On the contrary, truth that’s spoken with bad intent is considered to be worse than a lie. Hence, truth is an expression, symbol or statement that corresponds to reality and happiness. Truth is dominated by one’s subjective thoughts and beliefs. It is a concept that’s created by man, and therefore can never have any absolutes. And if a concept such as the truth has no absolutes, it becomes subjective based upon your perceptions of it. However, an individual’s experiences, thoughts and beliefs shape their perception of truth. Truth is timeless, abstract and unchanging ideals based on the individual. All truth is subjected to an individual’s opinion. It is based on person’s perspective on society and developed by their past experiences. Similarly, subjective truth deals with what is in the persons' mind. Also could mean the opinion of a person of certain objects. A subjective truth is an idea which may be important to me but not to you. For example, I decide that killing, under any circums...

Othello as a Tragic Hero

Shakespeare uses techniques, characters, language, structure and form to present Othello as tragic hero. He exposes his tragic flaw, which consequently leads to his downfall. Othello conforms to the Aristotelian principles of tragedy, of the noble protagonist who undergoes ceaseless manipulation and endures suffering, resulting in his ultimate downfall due to hamartia. All of these techniques combine to provide a different perception of the protagonist, as more of an atypical victim, exposed to the harsh reality of the society he longs to fit into, rather than a typical hero. A tragic hero is a person who initially is well-respected and holds a high esteem within society. They are of high moral worth and are highly ambitious in what they set out to achieve. A single mistake or character flaw can, however, bring them to ruin, with a loss of everything that they possess. In the discussion of whether Othello fits the role of a tragic hero, the following concepts need to be considered. Firstly, as befitting a tragic hero, Othello holds an important role. He is well-respected and admired by all. Secondly, through a character flaw and the added complication of external forces working against him, he suffers a dramatic fall from grace. He loses all that he held dear- his wife, his status, his position, and the respect held by others of him. The tragic hero comes up against a force or events which serve to bring this fatal flaw to the surface. In Hamlet, it is his indecision which comes to the surface as a result of his mother's ‘o'er hasty' remarriage. It is interpreted that Othello’s fatal flaw is in fact jealously. But jealousy is not an emotion or state of being that can exist on its own. It requires other things to feed it and n Othello’s case this is insecurity. Othello is in fact set in an extremely racist period and this does cause him to feel insecure and vulnerable, which renders him more open to Iago's manipulation. Iago does not pray on Othello’s jealousy, he prays on his insecurity and uses Othello's race and colour to place Othello in a bad light. In Othello, it is the force of Iago's ruthless manipulation and accusations against Desdemona and Cassio which bring Othello's gullibility to the surface. Hamartia is a very important aspect of the play and Shakespeare uses it to better the audiences understanding of the events that are unfolding. Othello is oblivious to the fact that Iago is taking advantage of his fatal flaw of jealousy. â€Å"Oh beware jealousy: it is the green-eyed which doth mock that which meet it, feed on. The cuckold lies in bliss†. This quote from Iago proves that he knows Othello more than Othello knows himself, and so, takes advantage of his personal flaw, using it to his own, deadly advantage. Despite Othello’s actions, there is a lesson to be learnt and the audience are compelled to maintain some feeling of sympathy towards him. The sympathy of the audience towards Othello’s character is largely due to his lack of understanding of the unforseen evils in the world around him. These evils are personified by Iago. Othello's nobility, morals, values and ideals, all play a part in the unravelling of his personality. Iago who’s equivocal but evil deception and manipulation of Othello's emotions presents the audience with a strong-willed but fragile character. Othello appears ill-equipped to understand a character such as Iago, and this gains the audiences sympathy. If we are to accept that a tragic hero is one that possesses the image of valour, nobility and honour, but in weakness cannot contain the manipulation of those mannerisms, then in the end we must come to the conclusion that he is indeed a tragic hero. Othello as a Tragic Hero Othello is character created by Shakespeare that â€Å"fulfils the conditions and requirements of a tragic hero (Bhattacharyya 123). † This is for the reason that Othello’s character exhibits what Aristotle refers to as the tragic flaw that ultimately caused his downfall. Just like any other classic tragic hero, he has innate flaws despite being a seemingly virtuous character in the eyes of his fellows. Somehow, despite the perfection that the character displays, he possesses a weakness that is so inevitable that eventually consumes him and causes evil to others and the character himself.In Shakespeare’s plays, â€Å"the strengths that raise the characters to the noblest heights become the points of vulnerability that lower them to the most profound depths (Cahn 325). † Background of Othello Othello is a tragedy that is written by Shakespeare right after Hamlet. While there are palpable similarities that are noticed of the two plays such as resemblances in style, diction, and versification, Othello can stand on its own as one of the best tragic plays that Shakespeare has been known for despite the fact that Hamlet remains the most famous.The heroes of the play are so unlike but still exhibit characteristics that would qualify them into Aristotle’s definition of the tragic hero. The general character of a man that is â€Å"exceptionally noble and trustful† but has to â€Å"endure the shock of disillusionment† is employed by Shakespeare first in Hamlet and then to Othello. This is what makes these dramas along with King Lear and Timon regrouped together as having distinctions to the rest of the tragedies of Shakespeare.However, despite these similarities, Othello is the first tragic hero created by Shakespeare that is not only an exceptional man but also a huge man living a small world that made him tower over his fellows. More than this, the peculiarity of Othello is that it leaves the most painful and the most te rrible impression of all the plays of Shakespeare (Bradley 175-176. ) It is a story of death and of betrayal that originally sprung from jealousy and false beliefs. Othello is a Moor that has secretly married Desdemona, the daughter of Senator Brabantio.He is described as a benevolent and noble military man while her wife is one the most pure and innocent characters in Shakespeare’s plays. Moreover, Othello is also known to be having a strong belief in religion and a man of good judgment. However, despite these positive attributes imbued upon him by Shakespeare, he also created a character that will surely uncover the tragic flaw that is within Othello. Iago has always displayed tendencies of being a villain but Othello remained to be trustful of him. His naivetà © and innocence triggered Iago to plot evil plans against him.Upon the evil plans of Iago, he was persuaded to kill his own wife for the belief that she was being disloyal to their marriage. These evil plans of Iago commenced when he got jealous of Michael Cassio’s appointment as a Lieutenant instead of himself. Because Othello was the one who appointed him, he started feeling a deep grudge against him. He then plotted on making Othello’s life miserable with regards his marriage and his status as a Moor. He succeeded in making Othello believed that Desdemona is having intimate relationship with Cassio.Iago took advantage of Othello’s trusting nature for him to accomplish his plans. Othello mercilessly killed his wife in the bedchamber despite her pleadings and claims of innocence and purity. He has been blinded by jealousy and false belief that Iago has implanted in his mind. In the end, he has learned that his actions were nothing but surges of anger, jealousy, impulsiveness, and false judgment. In the end, he was convinced of his wife’s innocence through the testimonials of Emilia, Lodovico, and Roderigo. He then admitted his sins and decided to take away his life .Before he killed himself, he beseeched the remaining people to listen to him speak. His last speech reminisces his heroism in the state. He also desires to be remembered as someone who loves not wisely but someone who loves too well (Bhattacharyya 31). Aristotle’s Tragic Hero and Tragic Flaw in Othello Poetics by Aristotle is the best source with regards the structure, purpose, and effect of the Greek tragedy. In the words of Aristotle, a tragic hero is: [O]ne should not show worthy men passing from good fortune from good fortune to bad†¦. Nor again wicked people [mochtherous] passing from bad fortune to good †¦.Nor again the passing of a thoroughly bad man [poneron] from good fortune to bad fortune †¦. There remains then the mean between these [ho metaxy]. This is the sort of man who is not pre-eminently virtuous and just [ho mete arà ªte diapheron kasi dikaiosyne], and yet it is through no badness or villainy of his own that he falls into the misfortune, bu t rather through some flaw in him (qtd in Goodkin 39). According to him, a tragic hero is primarily a character of noble stature and greatness. This means that the character occupies a high position in the society he is living in.Moreover, he should also exhibit nobility and virtue (Defining Tragedy). In the case of Othello, his character is that of a high ranking official in the military. Apart from this, he is also highly respected by the people of the state. He has gone to many wars and came back victorious. He is an epitome of a benevolent soldier that deserved his position as a Moor in the Venetian State. Aside from being blessed with a noble stature in the society, he is also happily married to Desdemona, the daughter of the Senator which has also an equal high standing in the society.Second, though a tragic hero is portrayed as great, he can never be perfect. Just like any other living being, he has his own flaws despite having an elevated position in the society that mere mo rtals can never identify (Defining Tragedy). In the case of Othello, his naivety and his trusting nature are recognized to be his flaws that bring about the tragic flaw in his character that ultimately lead to his downfall. These particular characteristics that Othello possesses were the ones taken advantage by Iago to make his plans prosper. Iago has always been consistently portrayed as a villain.As a matter of fact, there are several instances that would hint Othello of his evil intents and backstabbing such as in the case where he conspired with Roderigo in his pursuit for the love of Desdemona. Even when he displayed character of dishonesty, Othello was too innocent and naà ¯ve to distrust everything that he says, recommends, or suggests. Until it came to a point that he was too blinded to think and decide for himself and was already persuaded by Iago’s evil intentions. Furthermore, because of his inability to discern the truth from fallacy, he murdered his wife without having any appropriate reason to do it.Because of him being overtly consumed by jealousy and false belief that his wife cheated on him, he committed the worse sin he ever had. This murder furthermore leads to his suicide, his final downfall. Third, the tragic hero’s downfall is attributed to his own actions and intentions. It can never be ascribed to accident, fate, or in any other external reasons. Furthermore, the tragedy that will happen to the character will be triggered by his own personal error, whether it is in judgment, in action, or in his inaction. This is now what Aristotle calls the tragic flaw which is the very reason of his fall (Defining Tragedy).According to Cahn, a tragic flaw is a â€Å"fatal weakness or error in judgment that propels a character to a tragic end (325). † In the case of Othello, his fatal weakness causes his error in judgment. We will notice that these would form a series of events that will lead to the character’s downfall. At the onset, his naivety and innocence as discussed in the earlier paragraph made him so gullible. This gullibility and vulnerability then made it easy for Iago to deceive him of believing that Desdemona has adulterous relationship with Cassio. This deception is followed by jealousy that blinded Othello.He then was too consumed with jealousy that he was unable to neither investigate nor evaluate the facts of the events. Once he had decided to revenge his honor and his bruised ego, he then committed a crime that will also cause him his life. The death of Desdemona woke his senses. With the realization that he has committed such a fatal sin, his regret once again consumed him that lead to him taking his life Fourth, the hero’s fall would not be â€Å"wholly deserved. † Somehow, the punishment that the character has is excessive of what should he have as a consequence of his tragic flaw (Defining Tragedy).In the case of Othello, the death of Desdemona is more than a punish ment for his gullibility and naivety. More so, his death is an excessive penalty for his fatal weakness. Fifth, the fall leaves the tragic hero some awareness and self-knowledge (Defining Tragedy). In the case of Othello, the death of Desdemona not only made him regret but also to get back to his senses. He decided to find out the truth by extracting testimonials from Imilia and Lodovico. Most importantly, he recognized the innocence of Desdemona.He died knowing that up to her death she remained faithful to him. Lastly, while the tragedy would arouse pity, fear, and other unhealthy emotions, it does not leave its audience depressed. Especially in a Shakespearean tragedy, the audience wouldn’t feel that the hero is a â€Å"poor mean creature. † Even when the character leads a tragic and wretched end such as death, he still remains to be hero to the eyes of the audience. This is for the reason that the phase that he underwent is a fact that is pardonable for a hero to co mmit. His greatness remains even with his downfall.