NSAs invasion of privacy free essay sample

Regardless of whether it is calling somebody on your telephone or web based shopping on the PC, individuals are more associated than any time in recent memory to the web. In any case, an individual may be neglectful of the way that they are being watched utilizing these advances. The NSA (National Security Agency) is a knowledge association for the U. S. to secure data frameworks and outside insight data. As of late the NSA has been blamed for attacking individual protection through web encryption, following, and utilizing individual data for their own uses and without authorization. The reconnaissance of the NSA produces unlawful intrusion of security causing an unbound country. The NSA reconnaissance executed an unlawful attack of protection through following. They were found following people’s cellphones, however the data assembled was as far as anyone knows never utilized. They reserve no privilege to follow people’s cellphones since it is viewed as an intrusion of security. As indicated by Wyden the NSA is very clandestine about the assortment of followed cell information. â€Å"†¦the knowledge administration has chosen to leave the greater part of the genuine story mystery in any event, when reality would not bargain national security† (qtd. in â€Å"NSA Chief says†). The NSA is keeping data from individuals which make a less secure country. This explains the NSA is concealing something other than the data on the followed cellphones. McDonald depicted the NSA’s observation as, â€Å"It’s like surprise, correct? You have a whole world watching you and you just don’t know it† (qtd. in Chuang). She portrays what it resembles to be under NSA observation and not know the slightest bit about it. McDonald explains that by having the NSA track an individual they are attacking their security. This shows the NSA can follow an individual at some random opportunity to perceive what they’re doing and the individual could be ignorant regarding it. The creator expresses that, â€Å"The Times revealed that the NSA was abusing colossal assortments of individual information to make complex diagrams of some Americans’ social associations. The paper said the private information included Facebook posts and banking, flight, GPS area and casting a ballot records. † (â€Å"NSA Chief says†). This suggests the NSA unlawfully followed individuals utilizing private information for misusing. The NSA misused numerous sources so as to accomplish data for their own utilization. They gave out data unlawfully that individuals could have had the option to follow the individual. By the by, following is satisfactory in the event that they track somebody who is compromising the country, anyway all data assembled must be accounted for. In summation, the NSA ought to be blamed for unlawfully following since it isn't just an attack of protection, however it additionally makes the country unbound by keeping data, following and misusing. The NSA executed an unlawful attack of security by using individual data. In an article named â€Å"What the NSA may have needed to gain from following your phone,† it expresses that the NSA did a progression of tests in 2010 and 2011, which assembled area and informal organization information. This demonstrates while they were â€Å"experimenting† they despite everything assembled information unlawfully. The testing of the NSA discovers that residents don't have the foggiest idea what their data is being utilized for and are causing individuals to feel less make sure about. It isn't right for the NSA to disseminate individual data. â€Å"On a crucial distinguish dishonest representatives, about 30 government offices gathered and shared individual data of thousands of Americans, huge numbers of whom had no connections to the administrative government† (qtd. in Kastrenakes). Americans were followed in any event, when they had done no mischief to the national government. This legitimizes they are attacking the security of the individuals who have done no mischief by circulating their own data without them knowing. Their own data was shared to the obscure who could have attacked the person’s security. NSA has had the option to assemble private data, for example, a person’s address, telephone number, relatives, and even their government managed savings number. Following on the web can have a positive result. Numerous organizations have accumulated individual data online to target advertisements with the user’s inclinations, yet following can permit organizations to discover your Mastercard number, where you live and your inclinations. Henceforth, the NSA ought to be implicated for using individual data that can jeopardize a person’s security by utilizing data from interpersonal organizations, testing and circulating data. The NSA played out an unlawful attack of protection by utilizing web encryption. Technologist, Christopher Soghoian, states that the NSA utilized supercomputers to access encryption that gives online protection and security. â€Å"The encryption advances that the NSA has abused to empower its mystery trawl reconnaissance are similar innovations that secure our most touchy data, including clinical records, money related exchanges and business secrets† (qtd. in Winter). Christopher’s clarification of the encryption advancements depicts how anybody could be influenced by this observation. This is viewed as unlawful in light of the fact that the NSA hacked advances that ensure our private data. This influences the security of the country realizing that it is feasible for somebody to access data that individuals have once however were private to them. This isn't the first occasion when that the NSA has attempted to access private data. Indeed, â€Å"For the previous decade, NSA has driven a forceful multipronged exertion to break generally utilized web encryption technologies† (Winter). The NSA has invested a huge measure of energy into hacking web encryption. The NSA has wanted to approach an individual’s individual data. This explains the NSA had consistently had the aim to hack web encryption and have been arranging this for some time. This inquiries in the event that they are deliberately hacking so as to have control of the web. Encryption influences Americans, yet it additionally influences the country overall. â€Å"Experts and pundits state that while ‘back doors’ may help insight gathering, they debilitate the Web’s by and large security and trust, and could be utilized against Americans† (Winter). The creator invalidates the possibility that web encryption can help insight gathering. By making â€Å"back doors† the NSA is making the country unbound by making a simpler access for remote nations to pick up data. Shaping â€Å"back doors† extricates the nation’s web security since it permits remote nations to effectively hack the nation’s web and gain data that could be utilized against the U. S. The in addition to side to utilizing web encryption is that it helps insight assembling and distinguishes dangers toward the country and outside reconnaissance. Despite the fact that it might make â€Å"back doors† to the web which spies could approach, they can without much of a stretch fix that since they are accountable for securing U. S. data and following the outside knowledge data. In summation, the NSA ought to be blamed for web encryption on the grounds that in addition to the fact that it invades an American’s protection, yet it additionally makes the web unbound by presenting Americans to criminal hacking, unlawful observation, and correspondences against the United States. The assessment of the NSA delivered an unlawful attack of individual security making an unbound country. This issue is critical in light of the fact that the country ought to know about how tainted the administration is that they unlawfully track citizen’s individual data which makes a less secure country and a less dependable government. The NSA ought to be blamed for attacking individual security through web encryption, following, and utilizing individual data for their own uses and without authorization. The unlawful reconnaissance ought to be halted so as to ensure the citizen’s security. â€Å"We are insulted at the lengths to which the administration appears to have gone to capture information from our private fiber systems, and it underscores the requirement for critical change.

Chapter 9 Grim Defeat Free Essays

Teacher Dumbledore sent all the Gryffindors back to the Great Hall, where they were joined ten minutes after the fact by the understudies from Hufflepuff, Ravenclaw, and Slytherin, who all looked amazingly befuddled. â€Å"The educators and I have to direct an exhaustive hunt of the castle,† Professor Dumbledore let them know as Professors McGonagall and Flitwick shut all entryways into the corridor. â€Å"I’m apprehensive that, for your own security, you should go through the night here. We will compose a custom article test on Section 9 Grim Defeat or on the other hand any comparative subject just for you Request Now I need the administrators to stand monitor over the passages to the lobby and I am leaving the Head Boy and Girl in control. Any unsettling influence ought to be accounted for to me immediately,† he added to Percy, who was looking tremendously pleased and significant. â€Å"Send word with one of the ghosts.† Teacher Dumbledore stopped, going to leave the corridor, and stated, â€Å"Oh, truly, you’ll be needing†¦Ã¢â‚¬  One easygoing flood of his wand and the long tables traveled to the edges of the lobby and stood themselves against the dividers; another wave, and the floor was secured with many soft purple hiking beds. â€Å"Sleep well,† said Professor Dumbledore, shutting the entryway behind him. The lobby promptly started to buzz enthusiastically; the Gryffindors were mentioning to the remainder of the school what had simply occurred. â€Å"Everyone into their resting bags!† yelled Percy. â€Å"Come on, presently, no all the more talking! Lights out in ten minutes!† â€Å"C’mon,† Ron said to Harry and Hermione; they held onto three camping beds and hauled them into a corner. â€Å"Do you think Black’s still in the castle?† Hermione murmured tensely. â€Å"Dumbledore clearly figures he may be,† said Ron. â€Å"It’s extremely fortunate he picked today around evening time, you know,† said Hermione as they climbed completely dressed into their camping beds and propped themselves on their elbows to talk. â€Å"The one night we weren’t in the tower†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I figure he’s forgot about time, being on the run,† said Ron. â€Å"Didn’t acknowledge it was Halloween. In any case he’d have come rushing in here.† Hermione shivered. Surrounding them, individuals were asking each other a similar inquiry: â€Å"How did he get in?† â€Å"Maybe he knows how to Apparate,† said a Ravenclaw a couple of feet away, â€Å"Just show up out of nowhere, you know.† â€Å"Disguised himself, probably,† said a Hufflepuff fifth year. â€Å"He could’ve flown in,† recommended Dean Thomas. â€Å"Honestly, am I the main individual who’s tried to peruse Hogwarts, A History?† said Hermione crossly to Harry and Ron. â€Å"Probably,† said Ron. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Because the castle’s secured by more than dividers, you know,† said Hermione. â€Å"There are a wide range of charms on it, to stop individuals entering by covertness. You can’t only Apparate in here. Furthermore, I’d like to see the camouflage that could trick those Dementors. They’re guarding each and every passage to the grounds. They’d have seen him fly in as well. What's more, Filch knows all the mystery sections, they’ll have them covered†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"The lights are going out now!† Percy yelled. â€Å"I need everybody in their hiking beds and no more talking!† The candles all went out without a moment's delay. The main light presently originated from the gleaming phantoms, who were floating about talking intensely to the administrators, and the charmed roof, which, similar to the sky outside, was dispersed with stars. What with that, and the murmuring that despite everything filled the lobby, Harry felt as if he were resting outside in a light wind. When consistently, an instructor would return in the Hall to watch that everything hushed up. Around three toward the beginning of the day, when numerous understudies had at long last nodded off, Professor Dumbledore came in. Harry watched him searching for Percy, who had been slinking between the camping cots, berating individuals for talking. Percy was just a short path away from Harry, Ron, and Hermione, who immediately claimed to be sleeping as Dumbledore’s strides moved closer. â€Å"Any indication of him, Professor?† asked Percy faintly. â€Å"No. All well here?† â€Å"Everything leveled out, sir.† â€Å"Good. There’s no point moving them all at this point. I’ve found a transitory watchman for the Gryffindor picture gap. You’ll have the option to move them back in tomorrow.† â€Å"And the Fat Lady, sir?† â€Å"Hiding in a guide of Argyllshire on the subsequent floor. Evidently she would not give Black access without the secret phrase, so he assaulted. She’s still bothered, however once she’s quieted down, I’ll have Mr Filch reestablish her.† Harry heard the entryway of the corridor squeak open once more, and more strides. â€Å"Headmaster?† It was Snape. Harry kept very despite everything, listening hard. â€Å"The entire of the third floor has been looked. He’s not there. Also, Filch has done the prisons; nothing there either.† â€Å"What about the Astronomy tower? Educator Trelawney’s room? The Owlery?† â€Å"All searched†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Very well, Severus. I didn’t truly anticipate that Black should linger.† â€Å"Have you any hypothesis with respect to how he got in, Professor?† asked Snape. Harry raised his head marginally off his arms to free his other ear. â€Å"Many, Severus, every one of them as far-fetched as the next.† Harry opened his eyes a part and squinted up to where they stood; Dumbledore’s back was to him, yet he could see Percy’s face, riveted with consideration, and Snape’s profile, which looked furious. â€Å"You recollect the discussion we had, Headmaster, not long before †ah †the beginning of term?† said Snape, who was scarcely opening his lips, as if attempting to shut Percy out of the discussion. â€Å"I do, Severus,† said Dumbledore, and there was something like admonition in his voice. â€Å"It appears †practically inconceivable †that Black could have entered the school without inside assistance. I did communicate my interests when you selected â€â€Å" â€Å"I don't accept a solitary individual inside this palace would have helped Black enter it,† said Dumbledore, and his tone made it so evident that the subject was shut that Snape didn’t answer. â€Å"I must go down to the Dementors,† said Dumbledore. â€Å"I said I would advise them when our inquiry was complete.† â€Å"Didn’t they need to help, sir?† said Percy. â€Å"Oh yes,† said Dumbledore icily. â€Å"But I’m apprehensive no Dementor will cross the edge of this palace while I am Headmaster.† Percy looked somewhat abashed. Dumbledore left the lobby, strolling rapidly and discreetly. Snape represented a second, viewing the director with an appearance of profound disdain all over; at that point he excessively left. Harry looked sideways at Ron and Hermione. Them two had their eyes open as well, mirroring the brilliant roof. â€Å"What was all that about?† Ron mouthed. ******** The school discussed only Sirius Black for the following hardly any days. The hypotheses about how he had entered the palace got more out of control and more out of control; Hannah Abbott, from Hufflepuff, spent quite a bit of their next Herbology class telling anybody who’d listen that Black could transform into a blossoming bush. The Fat Lady’s ripped canvas had been removed the divider and supplanted with the representation of Sir Cadogan and his fat dark horse. No one was glad about this. Sir Cadogan invested a large portion of his energy moving individuals to duels, and the rest concocting absurdly confounded passwords, which he changed at any rate two times per day. â€Å"He’s a total lunatic,† said Seamus Finnigan indignantly to Percy. â€Å"Can’t we get anybody else?† â€Å"None of different pictures needed the job,† said Percy. â€Å"Frightened of what befallen the Fat Lady. Sir Cadogan was the just one bold enough to volunteer.† Sir Cadogan, in any case, was the least of Harry’s stresses. He was presently being firmly viewed. Educators discovered reasons to stroll along halls with him, and Percy Weasley (acting, Harry suspected, on his mother’s orders) was following him wherever like a very vainglorious watchman hound. To top everything, Professor McGonagall gathered Harry into her office, with such a dismal appearance all over Harry figured somebody must have kicked the bucket. â€Å"There’s no point concealing it from you any more, Potter,† she said in an intense voice. â€Å"I realize this will come as a stun to you, yet Sirius Black â€â€Å" â€Å"I know he’s after me,† said Harry tediously. â€Å"I heard Ron’s father telling his mum. Mr. Weasley works for the Ministry of Magic.† Teacher McGonagall appeared to be extremely shocked. She gazed at Harry for a second or two, at that point stated, â€Å"I see! Indeed, all things considered, Potter, you’ll comprehend why I don’t think it’s a smart thought for you to rehearse Quidditch in the nighttimes. Out on the field with just your colleagues, it’s exceptionally uncovered, Potter â€â€Å" â€Å"We’ve got our first match on Saturday!† said Harry, offended. â€Å"I’ve got the opportunity to prepare, Professor!† Educator McGonagall considered him eagerly. Harry realized she was profoundly inspired by the Gryffindor team’s possibilities; it had been she, all things considered, who’d proposed him as Seeker in any case. He paused, holding his breath. â€Å"Hmm†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Professor McGonagall stood up and gazed out of the window at the Quidditch field, only noticeable through the downpour. â€Å"Well†¦goodness knows, I’d lik

Why Do I Owe This Scholarship Essay?

Why Do I Owe This Scholarship Essay?As you probably know, the best part of a scholarship or any college scholarship is that it can only be used for your school of choice. So the first question you should ask yourself before you decide to write that scholarship essay is why do I deserve this scholarship? This essay examples will show you some great tips on how to write your scholarship essay.First of all, if you have ever heard about the scholarship essay, then you probably know that it is quite simple. You should have some idea about what kind of topic your essay should be. Of course, the topic does not need to be very technical, and you don't have to write a thesis. All you need to do is to make your essay specific to what you are applying for.Of course, there are also scholarships that are quite simple, because they only ask that you write a short essay. In these scholarships, you don't need to write anything long at all. The essay can just be telling a story about a case that you have worked on. That's it. It does not even matter how great the story is.But what if you do not know anything about writing a short essay, and you don't know how to write different scholarship essays? Well, you can always take help from a coach or an adviser who can give you some professional advice on what kind of essay you should write for your scholarship. This will be very helpful, because you should definitely learn about the different parts of a great essay.The other things that you need to think about when writing a scholarship essay are who you are talking to, what the scholarship is all about, and what the purpose of the essay is. If you already know the details of the scholarship, then you may want to write a short essay about that. But if you do know much about the specific scholarship you are applying for, then the guide above will be helpful to you in giving you more information on the purpose of the essay.Also, one of the things that you should consider when choosing between the scholarship essay samples that you have available is that they can differ in terms of their lengths. You should also choose the one that you think will fit your requirements the best.Of course, even though there are many scholarships out there, they are all not equal when it comes to different scholarship essays. So the most important thing that you should remember is that you need to be very careful when choosing a scholarship. The only way to know what kind of scholarship essay you are going to have is to take a look at several different ones.By doing so, you will be able to compare them, which will give you the best results. So if you are looking for some great scholarship essay samples, then you should definitely take a look at these resources.

Skate Characteristics and Information

Skates are a type of cartilaginous fish—fishes with skeletons made of cartilage, rather than bone—that are characterized by flat bodies and wing-like pectoral fins attached to their heads. (If you can picture a stingray, you know basically what a skate looks like.) There are dozens of species of skates. Skates live throughout the world, spending most of their time on the ocean bottom. They have strong teeth and jaws, allowing them to easily crush shells and feed on shellfish, worms, and crabs. According to the Florida Museum of Natural History, the common skate—which can reach over eight feet in length—is the largest skate species, while at only about 30 inches, the starry skate is the smallest skate species. How to Tell a Skate From a Ray Like stingrays, skates have a long, whip-like tail and breathe through spiracles, which allows the skate to rest on the ocean bottom and receive oxygenated water through openings in their heads, rather than breathing in water and sand from the ocean bottom. While many fish propel themselves by flexing their bodies and using their tails, skates move by flapping their wing-like pectoral fins. Skates may also have a prominent dorsal fin (or two fins) near the end of their tails; rays usually do not, and unlike stingrays, skates lack venomous spines in their tails. Fast Facts: Skate Classification & Species Skates are classified in the order Rajiformes, which contains a dozen families, including the families Anacanthobatidae and Rajidae, which include skates and smooth skates.ClassificationKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ElasmobranchiiOrder: RajiformesU.S. Skate SpeciesBarndoor Skate (Dipturus laevis)Big Skate (Raja binoculata)Longnose Skate (Raja rhina)Thorny Skate (Amblyraja radiata)Winter Skate (Leucoraja ocellata)Little Skate (Leucoraja erinacea) Skate Reproduction Reproduction is another way that skates differ from rays. Skates are oviparous, bearing their offspring in eggs, while rays are ovoviviparous, meaning their offspring, while beginning as eggs, remain in the mothers body after hatching and continue to mature until theyre eventually born live. Skates mate at the same nursery grounds each year. Male skates have claspers that they use to transmit sperm to the female, and eggs are fertilized internally. The eggs develop into a capsule called an egg case—or more commonly, a mermaids purse—which are deposited on the ocean floor. The egg cases either remain where theyre deposited or attach to seaweed, although they sometimes wash up on beaches and are easily recognized by their distinctive appearance (a small, flat, near-rectangular headless animal with its arms and legs outstretched). Inside the egg case, a yolk nourishes the embryos. The young may remain in the egg case for up to 15 months, and then hatch looking like miniature adult skates. Conservation and Human Uses Skates are harmless to humans. They are commercially harvested  for their wings, which are considered a delicacy, said to be similar in taste and texture to scallops. Skate wings can also be used for lobster bait, and to make fish meal and pet food. Skates are usually harvested  using  otter trawls. In addition to commercial fisheries, they may also be caught as bycatch. Some U.S. skate species, such as the thorny skate, are considered overfished, and management plans are in place to protect their populations through methods such as fishing trip limits, and possession prohibitions. Sources Bester, Cathleen. Ray and Skate Basics. Florida Museum of Natural History: Ichthyology.  Skates and Rays of Atlantic Canada: Reproduction. Canadian Shark Research Lab. 2007Coulombe, Deborah A. The Seaside Naturalist. Simon Schuster. 1984 Sosebee, Kathy. Skates—Status of Fishery Resources off the Northeastern US. NOAA NEFSC—Resource Evaluation and Assessment Division.World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). WoRMS Taxon List.

Conflict Resolution Essay - 1054 Words

Conflict Resolution Conflict is part of human existence. The world is filled with conflicts in all realms of life. Evidence of unresolved conflicts in greater scale are the chaos around the world that we hear and see from the daily world news. Everyday we experience some sort of conflict that are either insignificant or relatively important whether we are at home, at school, at a coffee shop, or at work.†¦show more content†¦A recent conflict incident in San Diego involved a medical group paying $6 million to one of their doctors that was fired for whistle blowing, that turned around and sued the medical group for wrongful termination (10news.com ). Conflicts are waste of resources, costly, and can inflict damage to the organization. Perceptions play a great influence in conflict. Disagreement or conflict usually arises when each party has different perception of a given situation. There are number of factors that influence one’s perception. Different cultural backgrounds and previous experiences create varying influences on how we deal conflicts (online training solution). It is sometimes difficult to break away from the cultural beliefs and values that someone was brought up with. Unfamiliarity also of someone’s cultural background can create negative perceptions. Pointing at someone when talking to him or her might not be considered rude to people from Asian countries, but it is typically offensive for Americans. An only child that g rew up being the family’s center of attention may sometimes find it difficult playing well with others. A co-worker of mine who is an only child admitted to me that she does not get alongShow MoreRelated Conflict Resolution Essay1288 Words   |  6 Pages Major conflict that is not dealt with can devastate a team or organization (Make Conflict Work, 2008). In some situations, conflict can be more constructive than destructive. Recognizing the difference between conflict that is constructive to the team and conflict that is destructive to the team is important. Trying to prevent the conflict is not always the best way to manage conflict when working within a team setting. Understanding conflict, what causes it, and how to resolve conflict effectivelyRead MoreConflict Resolution : Conflicts Resolution988 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to conflict resolution there are several ways to handle this. There’ve been several times that I’ve had to deal with conflict resolution. Conflict resolution also has several tips that you can learn to be able to handle a conflict. A conflict resolution can be handled in a positive way or a negative way. What is conflict resolution? In Community Tool Box it states â€Å"Conflict resolution is a way for two or more parties to find a peaceful solution to a disagreement among them. The disagreementRead More Conflict Resolution Essay614 Words   |  3 Pages Conflict Resolution nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;What does conflict resolution mean to me? Conflict resolution is when an impartial or neutral person puts a plan into action to resolve and settle issues within an organization or a team. In the business world today a great amount of focus is being placed on employees working as team unit to increase new ideas, distribute more job responsibilities among a larger group, and most important create a unified front and camaraderie. Along with advantagesRead More Conflict Resolution Essay1017 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessional to personal, they are all prone to encountering some form of conflict. John Dewey has designed a problem solving sequence with 6 (six) steps, listed and explained below, to facilitate resolution of these conflicts. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Since the way one deals with conflict within the relationship will affect how the relationship progresses, it is vital that one posse all the necessary skills to resolve conflict in a way that brings satisfaction to everyone involved. Dewey’s stepsRead MoreThe Family Mediation And Conflict Resolution Process4320 Words   |  18 Pagesmediation and conflict resolution process and techniques. The student endeavored on an educational journey to study mediation within the context of families as a means of resolving conflicts without resort to adversarial means such as litigation. Focus and attention was given to family dynamics, child development, the Texas Family Code, family violence, and facilitating of communication and dispute resolution. The components and benefits of family mediation and conflict resolution were introducedRead MoreConflict Resolution934 Words   |  4 Pagesto them she has licence and authority to watch them as she is their supervisor and they have to obey her commands. This statmemt of her escalted the whole issue and continued for a long time. This situation turned in to a big arguments and conflict that it had a great imapct on the productivity of work. There was a big loss of components as they were not able to process in a timely manner. Next day the staff meeting was called on by Manager and all the night staff were called to attendRead MoreConflict Resolution Strategies Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesConflict Resolution Strategies Conflict has long been viewed as negative, and is usually associated with things as trivial as an argument to something as extreme as war, and is seldom seen as beneficial. In the team environment however, conflict can be very beneficial if recognized early and managed properly and can enhance team performance as well as relationships between team members. Conflict is inevitable as humans interact, because not everyone shares the same beliefs, values, opinions, levelRead MoreInterpersonal Communication And Conflict Resolution1439 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch resources that helped me understand my interpersonal communication topic, Conflict Management, and how theories, relevant skills and strategies can play a big role throughout the resolution and frequency of conflict among my peers. Personality Types and Development of Adolescents’ Conflict with Friends This study aimed to examine the developmental pattern of adolescents’ conflict frequency and conflict resolution with their best friends, and differences in these developmental changes betweenRead MoreConflict Resolution1281 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Everyone faces conflict in their lives on a daily basis. It is an accepted and expected part of life. Conflict is not a problem in itself - it is what we do with it that counts. You cant avoid conflict in your life, at home, at work, and even at play. Wherever people interact, there is a potential for conflict. That is not bad news because good things can arise, and relationships can improve through conflict, provided conflict is managed with thought and attention. The bad newsRead MoreThird Party Conflict Resolution2113 Words   |  9 PagesThird Party Conflict Resolution MGT/445 Organizational Negotiations March 11, 2013 | | | | Third Party Conflict Resolution

Policy Tools Free Essays

Command and control regulation as defined by Michael Raegan(1987) is â€Å"a process or activity in which government requires or prescribes certain activities or behavior on the part of individuals or institutions, mostly private but sometimes public, and does so through a continuing administrative process, generally through specially designated regulatory agencies†. There is a history of command and control regulation as a policy instrument of the government in Trinidad and Tobago as evidenced by its placement in 2013 and 2014 budget in relation to the gaming ndustry. The gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is an illegal one, which operates without government regulation. We will write a custom essay sample on Policy Tools or any similar topic only for you Order Now As stated in the 2013 budget Minister Howai â€Å"Mr. Speaker we intend to bring the gaming industry under more effective control and capture more fully the revenue that can accrue to the Treasury. The Gaming Industry offers a legitimate form of entertainment if it is properly regulated. It was proposed that effective May 2013 a series of regulations would be put into place to manage the industry until the comprehensive framework and control body was established. In the 2014 budget Minister Howai acknowledged that previous stated policy had not been fully implemented but that vital steps were underway, which included extensive consultations with various stakeholder bodies. According to Finance Minister, the Honorable Larry Howai, a comprehensive governance structure for the industry was developed over the last year. It will entail the establishment of a Regulatory Commission with the power to license premises, operators, suppliers and key employees. The new legislation will control the operations of what will be referred to as registered casinos. The primary advantage of command and control regulation towards the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that being an illegal practice (aside from pool betting halls), government has the legislative upper hand to determine what is to be regulated and how. Mitnick (1980) explains that a government need not know in advance its subjects preferences as in the case of voluntary instruments and little information is needed to establish the regulation as a result. Government can simply establish a standard and expect compliance (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) making it a highly cost and time efficient tool. Secondly regulation in itself allows for better co-ordination of government efforts and planning because of the predictability it entails (Howlett and Ramesh 2009). This is tied to the directness and specificity of the nature of command and control regulation. This predictability and directness of the regulation makes it easier and more suitable of an instrument in times of crisis or when an immediate response is needed, as noted by the Minister that the gaming industry is substantial and growing industry with the high prevalence to criminal activity and social ills thus immediate action needs to be aken to arrest the issue before it spirals, while reaping the benefits of increasing revenue at the same time. Command and control regulation is also more cost efficient than other instruments as well as publicly and politically appealing government’s part† (Howlett and Ramesh 2009) Although command and control regulation is cost effective especially when compared to other instruments it is still quite costly, as the cost of enforcement by regulatory bodies may be high due to further costs of information, investigation and prosecution which make the policy legalistic and adversarial(Hahn and Hind 1991). Another issue with command and control in the context of the gaming industry in Trinidad and Tobago is that the very nature of the industry is problematic. Private members’ clubs, slot machines etcetera which constitute the industry are all illegal activities that have been allowed to flourish without regulation, thus the administration of the regulatory framework is problematic as it needs to gain legitimacy and acceptance by an illegitimate structure. There has to be total co-operation on the part of all members of the gaming industry in order for regulation to be effective and adhered to. Dyerson and Mueller (1993) also state that regulation is often inflexible and does not offer consideration for individual circumstances, thus a one size fits all regulation of casinos, private members clubs etc does not take into account the size and profitability or extent of gambling taking place. This may lead to incompliance with the regulatory structure and undermining of the very framework government is trying to cement. A mixed approach to regulation could be used, a good example of which is self regulation, which would be more cost effective as government would not ave to foot the cost of â€Å"creation, administration and renewal of standards† (Howlett and Ramesh). However there is a tossup as to how effective and favorable alternative methods really are when one considers the social costs of ineffective or inefficient administration of voluntary standards, especially those related to non-compliance (Gibson 1994 and Karamanos 2001) The overall usefulness of this policy tool cannot be fully assessed as it has not been fully implemented and remains largely at the drawing board. This perhaps is a sign of its ineffectiveness and inability to meet the goals of the government. How to cite Policy Tools, Papers

Maximilian I Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Maximilian I Maximilian I 1459-1519, heiliger r?mischer Kaiser und deutscher K?nig (1493-1519), Sohn und Nachfolger des heiligen r?mischen Kaisers Frederick III. Als Kaiser strebte er, starke imperiale F?hrung wiederhzuerstellen und dringend ben?tigte administrative Verbesserungen im in zunehmendem Ma?e dezentralisierten Reich zu er?ffnen. in der inl?ndischen und fremden Politik jedoch opferte er die Interessen von Deutschland als Ganzes des aggrandizement des Besitzes Hapsburg. Expansion ?ber Krieg und Verbindung Verbindung Maximilian (1477) zu Mary von Burgunder bezog ihn zum Schutze von ihrer Erbschaft -- einschlie?lich Burgunders, der Provinzen Netherland und Luxemburgs -- gegen die Designs des K?nigs Louis XI von Frankreich mit ein. Durch Tod Marys (1482), hatte Maximilian Franche-Comt?, die Grafschaft von Artois und die niedrigen L?nder gesichert, aber ihn erbrachte ein betr?chtliches Teil von franz?sischsprechendem Burgunder im Vertrag von Arras von 1483 (sehen Sie Arras, Vertrag von). In 1486 wurde er K?nig des Romans (, Kaiser-w?hlen Sie d.h.), gew?hlt und einen zunehmenden Anteil der imperialen Aufgaben bis Tod seines Vaters annahm. Nachfolger Louis XI's, Charles VIII, abgelehnt dem Vertrag; au?erdem anstatt, Tochter Margaret Maximilian von ?sterreich zu heiraten, erzwang er Anne von Bretagne in das Heiraten er (1491), abgesehen von ihrer Verbindung durch Proxy zu widowed Maximilian das vorhergehende Jahr. Erneuerte Kriegsf?hrung mit Frankreich wurde vor?bergehend durch den Vertrag von Senlis (1493) vereinbart, der im Allgemeinen den Status Quo beibehielt; aber die Frage Burgundian blieb eine Schl?sselausgabe in den Relationen Hapsburg mit der franz?sischen Krone. Maximilian wurde verwickelt in den italienischen Kriegen , um den Rest der Erbschaft Burgundian wiederzugewinnen und auch Dominions Hapsburg zu erweitern und jede m?gliche Extension der franz?sischen Energie zu ?berpr?fen. Seine italienischen Kampagnen leisteten ihn sich auch eine Gelegenheit, Ludovico Sforza zu unterst?tzen, dessen Nichte er geheiratet hatte (1493) und das, gegen einen Dowry, er mit dem Herzogtum von Mailand investiert hatte (von Louis XII von Frankreich auch behauptet). Seine Miteinbeziehung in Italien f?hrte ihn, die Liga von Cambrai (sehen Sie Cambrai , Liga von),zu verbinden und sp?ter die heilige Liga. kosteten B?ndnisse ihm Geld, von dem er chronisch kurz war, und erzwungen ihm, um von der Familie Fugger schwer zu borgen. Au?erdem regte seine St?rung in Italien die Franzosen an, Druck auf den Schweizern anzuwenden, eine Kompetenzstreitigkeit mit imperialen Beh?rden in einen ge?ffneten Krieg (1499) zu drehen, der eine imperiale Niederlage ergab. Trotz dieser Schwierigkeiten bildete Maximilian das Hapsburgs in eine leistungsf?hige Dynastie durch seine schlaue Verbindung Diplomatie. Von die Verbindung seines Sohns Philip ( sehen Sie Philip I der Oliven?lseife), zu Joanna, zum Heiress Ferdinand und Isabella, gab schlie?lich seinen Enkel, den zuk?nftigen heiligen r?mischen Kaiser Charles V, eins der grten territorialen Erbschaft in der Geschichte. Die doppelte Verbindung Enkel Maximilian und granddaughter die Tochter und Sohn des K?nigs Uladislaus II von Ungarn (1516) versicherte schlie?lich Reihenfolge Hapsburg zu zu von der ungarischen und b?hmischen Thrones und zu zu von des ascendancy in zentralem Europa. Imperiale Leitung Der Umfang und die Verschiedenartigkeit der Gegenden Hapsburg waren eine Verbindlichkeit sowie einen Wert und bildeten den imperialen Namen die wesentliche Bindung von der Einheit. Zwischen am Anfang seines Reign versuchte Maximilian, die l?stige imperiale Leitung zu modernisieren, aber sein Verbesserungprogramm fiel Opfer nicht nur zu seinen dynastic Aspirationen aber auch auf die Konkurrenz die Prinzen und den Kaiser f?r entscheidende Energie. Maximilian wurde in 1500 erzwungen, an einem Rat von regency vor?bergehend zu haften (sehen Sie Reichsregiment), obgleich er schlie?lich von dieser Beschr?nkung Abstand nahm. Dennoch stellte die Di?t der Endlosschrauben (1495) einen Obersten Gerichtshof, um Debatten unter Prinzen zuzuerkennen her und r?misches Gesetz in dem Reich anzuwenden; erhob eine allgemeine Verm?genssteuer, um milit?rische Kosten zu bezahlen; und herausgegeben einem Verbot auf privater Kriegsf?hrung. Die begrenzten Verfassungsreformen pr?ften unzul?nglich, jedoch, mit z uk?nftigen Problemen, wenige fertig zu werden von allen mit der politischen, Sozial- und frommen Umw?lzung der Verbesserung. Foreign Languages

Overview of Volatility Clustering

Overview of Volatility Clustering Volatility clustering is the tendency of  large changes in prices of financial assets to cluster together, which results in the persistence of these magnitudes of price changes. Another way to describe the phenomenon of volatility clustering is to quote famous scientist-mathematician Benoit Mandelbrot, and define it as the observation that large changes tend to be followed by large changes...and small changes tend to be followed by small changes when it comes to markets. This phenomenon is observed when there are extended periods of high market volatility or the relative rate at which the price of a financial asset change,  followed by a period of calm or low volatility. The Behavior of Market Volatility Time series of financial asset returns often demonstrates volatility clustering.  In a time series of stock prices, for instance, it is observed that the variance of returns or log-prices is high for extended periods and then low for extended periods. As such, the variance of daily returns can be high one month (high volatility) and show low variance (low volatility) the next. This occurs to such a degree that it makes an iid model (independent and identically  distributed model) of log-prices or asset returns unconvincing. It is this very property of time series of prices that is called volatility clustering. What this means in practice and in the world of investing is that as markets respond to new information with large price movements (volatility), these high-volatility environments tend to endure for a while after that first shock. In other words, when a market suffers a volatile shock,  more volatility should be expected. This phenomenon has been referred to as the persistence of volatility shocks, which gives rise to the concept of volatility clustering.   Modeling Volatility Clustering The phenomenon of volatility clustering has been of great interest to researchers of many backgrounds and has influenced the development of stochastic models in finance. But volatility clustering is  usually approached by modeling the price process with an ARCH-type model.  Today, there are  several methods for quantifying and modeling this phenomenon, but the two most widely-used models are the autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) and the  generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. While ARCH-type models and stochastic volatility models are used by researchers to offer some statistical systems that imitate volatility clustering, they still do not give any economic explanation for it.

How to Control Tent Caterpillars

How to Control Tent Caterpillars Eastern tent caterpillars, Malacosoma americanum, build unsightly silk tents in cherry, apple, and other landscape trees during early spring. The caterpillars feed on leaves of these host trees and may cause significant defoliation if present in large numbers. They can also be a nuisance as they tend to wander when theyre ready to pupate, making themselves at home on houses and decks. Make Sure Youve Really Got Tent Caterpillars First, be sure what you have are eastern tent caterpillars  and not another similar pest. Eastern tent caterpillars appear in early spring and build their tents in the crotches of tree branches. As their name suggests, fall webworms also build tents but theirs are located at the ends of branches, forming an envelope around the foliage. Some people confuse eastern tent caterpillars with gypsy moth larvae but gypsy moths do not construct tents and they usually appear a little later in spring than tent caterpillars. Prevention and Manual Controls for Tent Caterpillars If you have a few caterpillar tents in an apple or cherry tree, dont panic. Eastern tent caterpillars rarely infest ornamental trees in large enough numbers to kill landscape plants. Because they appear in early spring and complete their life cycle by summer, most of your host trees will have time to produce more leaves after initial defoliation. Pest control may not be necessary at all, however, if the infestation is overwhelming- or you just cant stand the sight of caterpillar tents in your trees- there are some things you can do to deter the invasion. To prevent tent caterpillars, the best defense can be a good offense. In the autumn, after the leaves have fallen, scout the branches of host trees for egg masses. Prune out any you find, or scrape them from the branches and destroy them. If you do find yourself facing an invasion, knowing your enemy can be the best way to rid yourself of them. Tent caterpillars rest inside their tents after they feed so you can actually remove them manually. When you notice a large group of caterpillars in the tent, use a stick or gloved hands to pull the tent from the branches, caterpillars and all. For a large tent, try winding the silk around a stick as you pull it from the tree. To eliminate the caterpillars, simply crush them or drop them in a pan of soapy water. In the past, people often set fire to caterpillar tents. However, since the practice does more harm to the tree than the caterpillars do, it is not recommended. Biological and Chemical Controls for Tent Caterpillars Young larvae may be treated with Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki, or  Bt, which is applied to the foliage of infested trees. Bt is a naturally occurring form of bacteria that interferes with the caterpillars ability to digest food. After the caterpillars ingest Bt, they stop eating immediately and die within a few days. You do not need to spray the tents or the caterpillars. Late-stage caterpillars, especially those that are already migrating to pupate, cannot be treated effectively with Bt. Some contact or ingestion pesticides work on eastern tent caterpillars as well. If you feel the infestation is sufficient to require this drastic an intervention, contact a pest control specialist in your area to ensure the safety of pets and wildlife.

Personality Disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Personality Disorders - Essay Example It is this special trait of living beings which sets them apart as a class having emotions, personality, behavior, etiquettes etc. Whenever something conflicting strikes the emotional behavior of the individual, the overall personality gets affected. Once the personality disorder starts appearing in the individual and no cognizance is taken of the change in behavior, it gradually takes the shape of long term patterns, if there's no Personality disorders take the shape of long-term patterns, thus causing serious problems in relations at home and at work. Under normal circumstances, we as human beings often come across many stressful situations which results in tension like situations. As normal human beings we start taking such situations in our stride and try to come out with appropriate solutions, but a person with personality disorder finds the situation difficult to deal with. This often reflects in their relationship with people around them. Personality disorders as such do not come up suddenly like some other diseases, or due to malfunctioning of some body organs, but it is a gradual process. A major incident or accident can at times be a major reason for personality disorders, but in general such disorders start affecting the human behavior over a period of time. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) of the American Psychiatric Association (APA) defines personality disorder as, "An enduring pattern of inner experience and behavior that differs markedly from the expectations of the individual's culture, is pervasive and inflexible, has an onset in adolescence or early adulthood, is stable over time, and leads to distress or impairment" (Bienenfeld, 2008). This manual of APA considers personality disorders to be categorically distinct entities. Emotions can act as positive or negative stimulant for the personality of an individual. Dyck et al (2006) state that, 'human personality is a complex system, affected by positive emotional attractors (PEA) and negative emotional attractors (NEA)'. It is further stated that personality style is not determined by a single behavioral event; instead a pattern of behavior over a period of time indicates the personality of the human being. The personality traits form the basis of the five factor model ( FFM) propounded by the APA. McCrae and Costa (1990) defined personality traits as, "dimensions of individual differences in tendencies to show consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and actions". The basis five dimensions of FFM are defined as N, E, O, A and C (Costa and Widiger, 2002); i. Neuroticism (N): It refers to the chronic level of emotional adjustment and instability. If an individual is having high N, that signifies higher psychological distress. N includes the facet scales for anxiety, angry hostility, depression, self-consciousness, impulsivity, and vulnerability. ii. Extraversion (E): It refers to the quantity and intensity of preferred interpersonal interactions, activity level, need for stimulation, and capacity for joy. A person with this trait is found to be sociable, active, talkative, person oriented, optimistic, fun loving, and affectionate. But on the other hand if a deficiency of this dimension

Modern History of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Modern History of Japan - Essay Example Japan is known worldwide as the nation with the most serious environmental pollution. Japan’s environmental destruction started long before the emergence of the country’s modernization and industrialization period. The well-known example of early pollution problem was Ashio copper mine, which began its destructive operations at the end of the nineteenth century and continues to this day to be a pervasively insoluble problem. The Ashio mine, in Tochigi, has been in existence at least since 1600 when it belonged to the Tokugawa shogunate with annual production capacity of about 1,500 tons. It became privately owned in 1871 following the industrialization initiated by the Meiji restoration. In 1877 it became the property of Furukawa Ichibei, and by the 1880s production had increased dramatically, reaching 4,090 tons by 1885, 78 % of the total output of the Furukawa mines and 39 % of Japan’s copper production. The major pollution problem associated with Ashio Copper Mine was the destruction of water ecosystem due to copper poisoning of ground water caused by flooding and drainage. In 1884, massive tree blighting occurred because of a discovery of large copper ore load. In August 1885, massive fish kills in the Watarase River was observed because of the use of the steam-operated pump and rock-crushing machines in Ani mine. In August 1890, 1,600 hectares of farmland and 28 towns and villages in Tochigi and Gunma prefectures were heavily damaged by the floodwater, which contained poisons from the Ashio mine. In September 1896, a massive flood due to heavy rain damaged the one large city, five prefectures, twelve provinces, and 136 towns and villages over a total area of 46,723 hectares by the water-borne mine poisons.

Truth Essay -- English Literature Essays

Truth The question of right and wrong has been battled over for centuries. Many conservatives still believe that truth is absolute, while others disagree, saying that truth is relative. I believe that truth is an individual’s perception of beliefs and decisions. For that reason, truth differentiates among individuals thorough their contrasting opinions. But, truth is something that everyone believes to be correct. Thus, it greatly depends on what’s true in the minds of the people. On the contrary, truth that’s spoken with bad intent is considered to be worse than a lie. Hence, truth is an expression, symbol or statement that corresponds to reality and happiness. Truth is dominated by one’s subjective thoughts and beliefs. It is a concept that’s created by man, and therefore can never have any absolutes. And if a concept such as the truth has no absolutes, it becomes subjective based upon your perceptions of it. However, an individual’s experiences, thoughts and beliefs shape their perception of truth. Truth is timeless, abstract and unchanging ideals based on the individual. All truth is subjected to an individual’s opinion. It is based on person’s perspective on society and developed by their past experiences. Similarly, subjective truth deals with what is in the persons' mind. Also could mean the opinion of a person of certain objects. A subjective truth is an idea which may be important to me but not to you. For example, I decide that killing, under any circums...

Othello as a Tragic Hero

Shakespeare uses techniques, characters, language, structure and form to present Othello as tragic hero. He exposes his tragic flaw, which consequently leads to his downfall. Othello conforms to the Aristotelian principles of tragedy, of the noble protagonist who undergoes ceaseless manipulation and endures suffering, resulting in his ultimate downfall due to hamartia. All of these techniques combine to provide a different perception of the protagonist, as more of an atypical victim, exposed to the harsh reality of the society he longs to fit into, rather than a typical hero. A tragic hero is a person who initially is well-respected and holds a high esteem within society. They are of high moral worth and are highly ambitious in what they set out to achieve. A single mistake or character flaw can, however, bring them to ruin, with a loss of everything that they possess. In the discussion of whether Othello fits the role of a tragic hero, the following concepts need to be considered. Firstly, as befitting a tragic hero, Othello holds an important role. He is well-respected and admired by all. Secondly, through a character flaw and the added complication of external forces working against him, he suffers a dramatic fall from grace. He loses all that he held dear- his wife, his status, his position, and the respect held by others of him. The tragic hero comes up against a force or events which serve to bring this fatal flaw to the surface. In Hamlet, it is his indecision which comes to the surface as a result of his mother's ‘o'er hasty' remarriage. It is interpreted that Othello’s fatal flaw is in fact jealously. But jealousy is not an emotion or state of being that can exist on its own. It requires other things to feed it and n Othello’s case this is insecurity. Othello is in fact set in an extremely racist period and this does cause him to feel insecure and vulnerable, which renders him more open to Iago's manipulation. Iago does not pray on Othello’s jealousy, he prays on his insecurity and uses Othello's race and colour to place Othello in a bad light. In Othello, it is the force of Iago's ruthless manipulation and accusations against Desdemona and Cassio which bring Othello's gullibility to the surface. Hamartia is a very important aspect of the play and Shakespeare uses it to better the audiences understanding of the events that are unfolding. Othello is oblivious to the fact that Iago is taking advantage of his fatal flaw of jealousy. â€Å"Oh beware jealousy: it is the green-eyed which doth mock that which meet it, feed on. The cuckold lies in bliss†. This quote from Iago proves that he knows Othello more than Othello knows himself, and so, takes advantage of his personal flaw, using it to his own, deadly advantage. Despite Othello’s actions, there is a lesson to be learnt and the audience are compelled to maintain some feeling of sympathy towards him. The sympathy of the audience towards Othello’s character is largely due to his lack of understanding of the unforseen evils in the world around him. These evils are personified by Iago. Othello's nobility, morals, values and ideals, all play a part in the unravelling of his personality. Iago who’s equivocal but evil deception and manipulation of Othello's emotions presents the audience with a strong-willed but fragile character. Othello appears ill-equipped to understand a character such as Iago, and this gains the audiences sympathy. If we are to accept that a tragic hero is one that possesses the image of valour, nobility and honour, but in weakness cannot contain the manipulation of those mannerisms, then in the end we must come to the conclusion that he is indeed a tragic hero. Othello as a Tragic Hero Othello is character created by Shakespeare that â€Å"fulfils the conditions and requirements of a tragic hero (Bhattacharyya 123). † This is for the reason that Othello’s character exhibits what Aristotle refers to as the tragic flaw that ultimately caused his downfall. Just like any other classic tragic hero, he has innate flaws despite being a seemingly virtuous character in the eyes of his fellows. Somehow, despite the perfection that the character displays, he possesses a weakness that is so inevitable that eventually consumes him and causes evil to others and the character himself.In Shakespeare’s plays, â€Å"the strengths that raise the characters to the noblest heights become the points of vulnerability that lower them to the most profound depths (Cahn 325). † Background of Othello Othello is a tragedy that is written by Shakespeare right after Hamlet. While there are palpable similarities that are noticed of the two plays such as resemblances in style, diction, and versification, Othello can stand on its own as one of the best tragic plays that Shakespeare has been known for despite the fact that Hamlet remains the most famous.The heroes of the play are so unlike but still exhibit characteristics that would qualify them into Aristotle’s definition of the tragic hero. The general character of a man that is â€Å"exceptionally noble and trustful† but has to â€Å"endure the shock of disillusionment† is employed by Shakespeare first in Hamlet and then to Othello. This is what makes these dramas along with King Lear and Timon regrouped together as having distinctions to the rest of the tragedies of Shakespeare.However, despite these similarities, Othello is the first tragic hero created by Shakespeare that is not only an exceptional man but also a huge man living a small world that made him tower over his fellows. More than this, the peculiarity of Othello is that it leaves the most painful and the most te rrible impression of all the plays of Shakespeare (Bradley 175-176. ) It is a story of death and of betrayal that originally sprung from jealousy and false beliefs. Othello is a Moor that has secretly married Desdemona, the daughter of Senator Brabantio.He is described as a benevolent and noble military man while her wife is one the most pure and innocent characters in Shakespeare’s plays. Moreover, Othello is also known to be having a strong belief in religion and a man of good judgment. However, despite these positive attributes imbued upon him by Shakespeare, he also created a character that will surely uncover the tragic flaw that is within Othello. Iago has always displayed tendencies of being a villain but Othello remained to be trustful of him. His naivetà © and innocence triggered Iago to plot evil plans against him.Upon the evil plans of Iago, he was persuaded to kill his own wife for the belief that she was being disloyal to their marriage. These evil plans of Iago commenced when he got jealous of Michael Cassio’s appointment as a Lieutenant instead of himself. Because Othello was the one who appointed him, he started feeling a deep grudge against him. He then plotted on making Othello’s life miserable with regards his marriage and his status as a Moor. He succeeded in making Othello believed that Desdemona is having intimate relationship with Cassio.Iago took advantage of Othello’s trusting nature for him to accomplish his plans. Othello mercilessly killed his wife in the bedchamber despite her pleadings and claims of innocence and purity. He has been blinded by jealousy and false belief that Iago has implanted in his mind. In the end, he has learned that his actions were nothing but surges of anger, jealousy, impulsiveness, and false judgment. In the end, he was convinced of his wife’s innocence through the testimonials of Emilia, Lodovico, and Roderigo. He then admitted his sins and decided to take away his life .Before he killed himself, he beseeched the remaining people to listen to him speak. His last speech reminisces his heroism in the state. He also desires to be remembered as someone who loves not wisely but someone who loves too well (Bhattacharyya 31). Aristotle’s Tragic Hero and Tragic Flaw in Othello Poetics by Aristotle is the best source with regards the structure, purpose, and effect of the Greek tragedy. In the words of Aristotle, a tragic hero is: [O]ne should not show worthy men passing from good fortune from good fortune to bad†¦. Nor again wicked people [mochtherous] passing from bad fortune to good †¦.Nor again the passing of a thoroughly bad man [poneron] from good fortune to bad fortune †¦. There remains then the mean between these [ho metaxy]. This is the sort of man who is not pre-eminently virtuous and just [ho mete arà ªte diapheron kasi dikaiosyne], and yet it is through no badness or villainy of his own that he falls into the misfortune, bu t rather through some flaw in him (qtd in Goodkin 39). According to him, a tragic hero is primarily a character of noble stature and greatness. This means that the character occupies a high position in the society he is living in.Moreover, he should also exhibit nobility and virtue (Defining Tragedy). In the case of Othello, his character is that of a high ranking official in the military. Apart from this, he is also highly respected by the people of the state. He has gone to many wars and came back victorious. He is an epitome of a benevolent soldier that deserved his position as a Moor in the Venetian State. Aside from being blessed with a noble stature in the society, he is also happily married to Desdemona, the daughter of the Senator which has also an equal high standing in the society.Second, though a tragic hero is portrayed as great, he can never be perfect. Just like any other living being, he has his own flaws despite having an elevated position in the society that mere mo rtals can never identify (Defining Tragedy). In the case of Othello, his naivety and his trusting nature are recognized to be his flaws that bring about the tragic flaw in his character that ultimately lead to his downfall. These particular characteristics that Othello possesses were the ones taken advantage by Iago to make his plans prosper. Iago has always been consistently portrayed as a villain.As a matter of fact, there are several instances that would hint Othello of his evil intents and backstabbing such as in the case where he conspired with Roderigo in his pursuit for the love of Desdemona. Even when he displayed character of dishonesty, Othello was too innocent and naà ¯ve to distrust everything that he says, recommends, or suggests. Until it came to a point that he was too blinded to think and decide for himself and was already persuaded by Iago’s evil intentions. Furthermore, because of his inability to discern the truth from fallacy, he murdered his wife without having any appropriate reason to do it.Because of him being overtly consumed by jealousy and false belief that his wife cheated on him, he committed the worse sin he ever had. This murder furthermore leads to his suicide, his final downfall. Third, the tragic hero’s downfall is attributed to his own actions and intentions. It can never be ascribed to accident, fate, or in any other external reasons. Furthermore, the tragedy that will happen to the character will be triggered by his own personal error, whether it is in judgment, in action, or in his inaction. This is now what Aristotle calls the tragic flaw which is the very reason of his fall (Defining Tragedy).According to Cahn, a tragic flaw is a â€Å"fatal weakness or error in judgment that propels a character to a tragic end (325). † In the case of Othello, his fatal weakness causes his error in judgment. We will notice that these would form a series of events that will lead to the character’s downfall. At the onset, his naivety and innocence as discussed in the earlier paragraph made him so gullible. This gullibility and vulnerability then made it easy for Iago to deceive him of believing that Desdemona has adulterous relationship with Cassio. This deception is followed by jealousy that blinded Othello.He then was too consumed with jealousy that he was unable to neither investigate nor evaluate the facts of the events. Once he had decided to revenge his honor and his bruised ego, he then committed a crime that will also cause him his life. The death of Desdemona woke his senses. With the realization that he has committed such a fatal sin, his regret once again consumed him that lead to him taking his life Fourth, the hero’s fall would not be â€Å"wholly deserved. † Somehow, the punishment that the character has is excessive of what should he have as a consequence of his tragic flaw (Defining Tragedy).In the case of Othello, the death of Desdemona is more than a punish ment for his gullibility and naivety. More so, his death is an excessive penalty for his fatal weakness. Fifth, the fall leaves the tragic hero some awareness and self-knowledge (Defining Tragedy). In the case of Othello, the death of Desdemona not only made him regret but also to get back to his senses. He decided to find out the truth by extracting testimonials from Imilia and Lodovico. Most importantly, he recognized the innocence of Desdemona.He died knowing that up to her death she remained faithful to him. Lastly, while the tragedy would arouse pity, fear, and other unhealthy emotions, it does not leave its audience depressed. Especially in a Shakespearean tragedy, the audience wouldn’t feel that the hero is a â€Å"poor mean creature. † Even when the character leads a tragic and wretched end such as death, he still remains to be hero to the eyes of the audience. This is for the reason that the phase that he underwent is a fact that is pardonable for a hero to co mmit. His greatness remains even with his downfall.

The Witch Hunt in The Crucible and During the Time of...

In this essay, I intend to analyse the historical context of The Crucible and its relevance in today’s society. I believe that Arthur Miller’s life and his experience of McCarthyism strongly influenced the writing of The Crucible. McCarthyism, named after Joseph McCarthy was a period of intense anti-communism, which occurred in the United States from 1948 to about 1956. During this time the government of the United States persecuted the Communist party USA, its leadership, and many others suspected of being communists. The word McCarthyism now carries the suggestion of false, hysterical accusation and large scale attacks on a minority. This anticommunist crusade stumbled in 1954, when the hearings were televised allowing the press and†¦show more content†¦Both The Crucible and McCarthyism involved people being wrongly accused of actions that they did not commit. Also, if someone in The Crucible confesses to being a witch in order to save their life, then their reputation is ruined and no one will ever view them the same way. In both McCarthyism and the Salem witch trials, if the person was not convicted, their image would be ruined and they would have a hard time building their image back to the way i t was. Some cooperated but others, like Miller, refused to give in to questioning. Those who were revealed, falsely or legitimately, as Communists, and those who refused to incriminate their friends, saw their careers suffer, as they were blacklisted from potential jobs for many years afterward. The society in Salem was a theocracy, a government based on religious beliefs. Therefore any sin would be seen as an offence against the public as well as against God. Sins, especially in Salem would most likely have been hidden away from public view, and this would also explain the way Miller wrote The Crucible. Everyone seemed to know, or want to know everyone else’s business. In both McCarthyism and the Salem witch trials, there was a huge amount of pressure to reveal the secret sins of friends and neighbours. People, therefore began to take advantage of this, and began using the opportunity to take out personal grudges, for exampleShow MoreRelatedThe Witch Hunt in The Crucible and During the Time of McCarthyism2059 Words   |  9 PagesThe Themes of The Crucible and Parallels to McCarthyism  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Set in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692, Arthur Millers The Crucible describes the witch hunt that saw harmless people hanged for crimes they did not commit. The Crucible provides an accurate historical account of the witch hunt, but its real achievement lies in the many important issues it deals with. 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Although, many teenagers feel that history no longer matters because it is in the past, the Salem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are prime examples of how history constantly repeats itself and influence how we live today for the reason that both historic eras consist of the following: they have similar histories, connect in significant ways, and include comparableRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials And Mccarthyism1327 Words   |  6 PagesSalem Witch Trials and McCarthyism are prime examples of how history constantly repeats itself and influence how we live today for the reason that both historic eras consist of the following: they have similar history, connect in significant ways, and include comparable situations and themes tha t are evident today effecting us on a daily bases whether or not we realize. 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